2013/94/EU: Council Decision of 26 March 2012 on the conclusion of the Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin

The Regional Convention on pan-Euro-Mediterranean preferential rules of origin is hereby approved on behalf of the European Union. The text of the Convention is attached to this Decision.

The President of the Council shall designate the person empowered, on behalf of the European Union, to deposit the instrument of acceptance provided for in Article 10 of the Convention.

The Commission shall represent the European Union in the Joint Committee established by Article 3 of the Convention. Representatives of Member States may attend the Joint Committee meetings.

This Decision shall enter into force on the day of its adoption.

1 This Convention lays down provisions on the origin of goods traded under the relevant Agreements concluded between the Contracting Parties.

2 The concept of ‘originating products’ and the methods of administrative cooperation relating thereto are set out in the Appendixes to this Convention. Appendix I sets out general rules for the definition of the concept of originating products and the methods of administrative cooperation. Appendix II sets out special provisions applicable between certain Contracting Parties and derogating from the provisions laid down in Appendix I.

3 The following are Contracting Parties to this Convention: the European Union, the EFTA States as listed in the Preamble, the Kingdom of Denmark in respect of the Faroe Islands, the participants in the Barcelona Process as listed in the Preamble, the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process as listed in the Preamble. With respect to the European Union, this Convention shall apply to the territory in which the Treaty on European Union is applicable, as defined in Article 52 of that Treaty and Article 355 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union.

For the purposes of this Convention: (1) ‘Contracting Party’ means those listed in Article 1(3); (2) ‘third party’ means any neighbouring country or territory which is not a Contracting Party, (3) ‘relevant Agreement’ means a free trade agreement between two or more Contracting Parties, which refers to this Convention.

1 A Joint Committee is hereby established in which each Contracting Party shall be represented.

2 The Joint Committee shall act by unanimity, without prejudice to Article 5(4).

3 The Joint Committee shall meet whenever necessary, but at least once a year. Any Contracting Party may request that a meeting be held.

4 The Joint Committee shall adopt its own rules of procedure, which shall, inter alia, contain provisions for convening meetings and for the designation of the chairperson and his term of office.

5 The Joint Committee may decide to set up any sub-committee or working group that can assist it in carrying out its duties.

1 It shall be the responsibility of the Joint Committee to administer this Convention and ensure its proper implementation. For this purpose, it shall be regularly informed by the Contracting Parties about the experiences they have in the application of this Convention. The Joint Committee shall make recommendations, and in the cases provided for in paragraph 3, shall take decisions.

2 In particular the Joint Committee shall recommend to the Contracting Parties: (a) explanatory notes and guidelines for the uniform application of this Convention; (b) any other measures required for its application.

3 The Joint Committee shall adopt by decision: (a) amendments to this Convention including amendments to the Appendixes; (b) invitations to third parties to accede to this Convention in accordance with Article 5; (c) transitional measures required in the case of the accession of new Contracting Parties. Decisions referred to in this paragraph shall be put into effect by the Contracting Parties in accordance with their own legislation.

4 If a representative of a Contracting Party in the Joint Committee has accepted a decision subject to the fulfilment of fundamental legal requirements, the decision shall enter into force, if no date is contained therein, on the first day of the second month after the lifting of the reservation is notified.

1 A third party may become a Contracting Party to this Convention, provided that the candidate country or territory has a free trade agreement in force, providing for preferential rules of origin, with at least one of the Contracting Parties.

2 A third party shall submit a written request for accession to the depositary.

3 The depositary shall submit the request to the Joint Committee for its consideration.

4 The decision of the Joint Committee inviting a third party to accede to this Convention shall be sent to the depositary, which shall, within two months, forward it, together with a text of the Convention in force on that date, to the requesting third party. One single Contracting Party may not oppose that decision.

5 A third party invited to become a Contracting Party to this Convention shall do so by depositing an instrument of accession with the depositary. The said instruments shall be accompanied by a translation of the Convention into the official language(s) of the acceding third party.

6 The accession shall become effective on the first day of the second month following the depositing of the instrument of accession.

7 The depositary shall notify all Contracting Parties of the date on which the instrument of accession was deposited and the date on which the accession will become effective.

8 Recommendations and decisions of the Joint Committee referred to in Article 4(2) and (3) adopted between the date of submission of the request referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article and the date on which accession becomes effective shall also be communicated to the acceding third party via the depositary. A declaration accepting such acts shall be inserted either in the instrument of accession or in a separate instrument deposited with the depositary within six months of the communication. If the declaration is not deposited within that period, the accession shall be considered void.

9 From the date referred to in paragraph 4, the third party concerned may be represented with observer status in the Joint Committee and any sub-committee and working groups.

Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate measures to ensure that this Convention is effectively applied, taking account of the need to achieve mutually satisfactory solutions of any difficulties arising from its application.

The Contracting Parties shall keep each other informed via the depositary of the measures which they adopt for the implementation of this Convention.

The Appendixes to this Convention shall form an integral part thereof.

Any Contracting Party may withdraw from this Convention provided it gives 12 months’ notice in writing to the depositary, which shall notify all other Contracting Parties.

1 This Convention shall enter into force on 1 January 2011, in relation to those Contracting Parties which, by then, have deposited their instrument of acceptance with the depositary, provided that at least two Contracting Parties have deposited their instruments of acceptance with the depositary by 31.12.2010.

2 If this Convention does not enter into force on 1 January 2011, it shall enter into force on the first day of the second month following the deposit of the last instrument of acceptance by at least two Contracting Parties.

3 In relation to any other Contracting Party than those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, this Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the second month following the deposit of its instrument of acceptance.

4 The depositary shall notify to the Contracting Parties the date of the deposit of the instrument of acceptance of each Contracting Party and the date of the entry into force of this Convention by publishing this information in the Official Journal of the European Union (C series).

The General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union shall act as depositary of this Convention.

For the purposes of this Convention: (a) ‘manufacture’ means any kind of working or processing including assembly or specific operations; (b) ‘material’ means any ingredient, raw material, component or part, etc., used in the manufacture of a product; (c) ‘product’ means a product being manufactured, even if it is intended for later use in another manufacturing operation; (d) ‘goods’ means both materials and products; (e) ‘customs value’ means the value as determined in accordance with the Agreement on implementation of Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; (f) ‘ex-works price’ means the price paid for the product ex works to the manufacturer in the Contracting Party in whose undertaking the last working or processing is carried out, provided the price includes the value of all the materials used, minus any internal taxes which are, or may be, repaid when the product obtained is exported; (g) ‘value of materials’ means the customs value at the time of importation of the non-originating materials used, or, if this is not known and cannot be ascertained, the first ascertainable price paid for the materials in the exporting Contracting Party; (h) ‘value of originating materials’ means the value of such materials as defined in (g) applied mutatis mutandis; (i) ‘value added’ means the ex-works price minus the customs value of each of the materials incorporated which originate in the other Contracting Parties with which cumulation is applicable or, where the customs value is not known or cannot be ascertained, the first ascertainable price paid for the materials in the exporting Contracting Party; (j) ‘chapters’ and ‘headings’ mean the chapters and the headings (four-digit codes) used in the nomenclature which makes up the Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System, referred to in this Convention as ‘the Harmonised System’ or ‘HS’; (k) ‘classified’ refers to the classification of a product or material under a particular heading; (l) ‘consignment’ means products which are either sent simultaneously from one exporter to one consignee or covered by a single transport document covering their shipment from the exporter to the consignee or, in the absence of such a document, by a single invoice; (m) ‘territories’ includes territorial waters; (n) ‘customs authorities of the Contracting Party’ for the European Union means any of the customs authorities of the Member States of the European Union.

1 For the purpose of implementing the relevant Agreement, the following products shall be considered as originating in a Contracting Party when exported to another Contracting Party: (a) products wholly obtained in the Contracting Party, within the meaning of Article 4; (b) products obtained in the Contracting Party incorporating materials which have not been wholly obtained there, provided that such materials have undergone sufficient working or processing in that Contracting Party within the meaning of Article 5; (c) goods originating in the European Economic Area (EEA) within the meaning of Protocol 4 to the Agreement on the European Economic Area. Such goods shall be considered as originating in the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway (‘EEA Parties’) when exported respectively from the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway to a Contracting Party other than the EEA Parties.

2 The provisions of paragraph 1(c) shall apply only provided that free trade agreements are applicable between the importing Contracting Party and the EEA Parties.

1 Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(1), products shall be considered as originating in the exporting Contracting Party when exported to another Contracting Party if they are obtained there, incorporating materials originating in Switzerland (including Liechtenstein) , Iceland, Norway, Turkey or in the European Union, provided that the working or processing carried out in the exporting Contracting Party goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6. It shall not be necessary for such materials to have undergone sufficient working or processing.

2 Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 2(1), products shall be considered as originating in the exporting Contracting Party when exported to another Contracting Party if they are obtained there, incorporating materials originating in the Faroe Islands, any participant in the Barcelona Process other than Turkey, or any Contracting Party other than those referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, provided that the working or processing carried out in the exporting Contracting Party goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6. It shall not be necessary for such materials to have undergone sufficient working or processing.

3 Where the working or processing carried out in the exporting Contracting Party does not go beyond the operations referred to in Article 6, the product obtained shall be considered as originating in the exporting Contracting Party only where the value added there is greater than the value of the materials used originating in any one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2. If this is not so, the product obtained shall be considered as originating in the Contracting Party which accounts for the highest value of originating materials used in the manufacture in the exporting Contracting Party.

4 Products originating in the Contracting Parties referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 which do not undergo any working or processing in the exporting Contracting Party shall retain their origin if exported into one of the other Contracting Parties.

5 The cumulation provided for in this Article may be applied only provided that: (a) a preferential trade agreement in accordance with Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is applicable between the Contracting Parties involved in the acquisition of the originating status and the Contracting Party of destination; (b) materials and products have acquired originating status by the application of rules of origin identical to those given in this Convention; and (c) notices indicating the fulfilment of the necessary requirements to apply cumulation have been published in the Official Journal of the European Union (C series) and in the Contracting Parties which are party to the relevant Agreements, according to their own procedures. The cumulation provided for in this Article shall apply from the date indicated in the notice published in the Official Journal of the European Union (C series). The Contracting Parties shall provide the other Contracting Parties which are party to the relevant Agreements, through the European Commission, with details of the Agreements, including their dates of entry into force, which are applied with the other Contracting Parties referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2.

1 The following shall be considered as wholly obtained in a Contracting Party when exported to another Contracting Party: (a) mineral products extracted from its soil or from its seabed; (b) vegetable products harvested there; (c) live animals born and raised there; (d) products from live animals raised there; (e) products obtained by hunting or fishing conducted there; (f) products of sea fishing and other products taken from the sea outside the territorial waters of the exporting Contracting Party by its vessels; (g) products made aboard its factory ships exclusively from products referred to in (f); (h) used articles collected there fit only for the recovery of raw materials, including used tyres fit only for retreading or for use as waste; (i) waste and scrap resulting from manufacturing operations conducted there; (j) products extracted from marine soil or subsoil outside its territorial waters provided that it has sole rights to work that soil or subsoil; (k) goods produced there exclusively from the products specified in (a) to (j).

2 The terms ‘its vessels’ and ‘its factory ships’ in paragraph 1(f) and (g) shall apply only to vessels and factory ships: (a) which are registered or recorded in the exporting Contracting Party; (b) which sail under the flag of the exporting Contracting Party; (c) which are owned to an extent of at least 50 % by nationals of the exporting Contracting Party, or by a company with its head office in the exporting Contracting Party, of which the manager or managers, Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Supervisory Board, and the majority of the members of such boards are nationals of the exporting Contracting Party and of which, in addition, in the case of partnerships or limited companies, at least half the capital belongs to the exporting Contracting Party or to public bodies or nationals of the said Contracting Party; (d) of which the master and officers are nationals of the exporting Contracting Party; and (e) of which at least 75 % of the crew are nationals of the exporting Contracting Party.

3 For the purpose of paragraph 2 (a) and (b), when the exporting Contracting Party is the European Union, it means a Member State of the European Union.

1 For the purposes of Article 2, products which are not wholly obtained shall be considered to be sufficiently worked or processed when the conditions set out in the list in Annex II are fulfilled. The conditions referred to above indicate the working or processing which must be carried out on non-originating materials used in manufacturing and apply only in relation to such materials. It follows that if a product which has acquired originating status by fulfilling the conditions set out in the list is used in the manufacture of another product, the conditions applicable to the product in which it is incorporated do not apply to it, and no account shall be taken of the non-originating materials which may have been used in its manufacture.

2 Notwithstanding paragraph 1, non-originating materials which, according to the conditions set out in the list in Annex II, should not be used in the manufacture of a product may nevertheless be used, provided that: (a) their total value does not exceed 10 % of the ex-works price of the product; (b) any of the percentages given in the list for the maximum value of non-originating materials are not exceeded by virtue of this paragraph. This paragraph shall not apply to products falling within Chapters 50 to 63 of the Harmonised System.

3 Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall apply subject to the provisions of Article 6.

1 Without prejudice to paragraph 2, the following operations shall be considered as insufficient working or processing to confer the status of originating products, whether or not the requirements of Article 5 are satisfied: (a) preserving operations to ensure that the products remain in good condition during transport and storage; (b) breaking-up and assembly of packages; (c) washing, cleaning; removal of dust, oxide, oil, paint or other coverings; (d) ironing or pressing of textiles; (e) simple painting and polishing operations; (f) husking, partial or total bleaching, polishing, and glazing of cereals and rice; (g) operations to colour sugar or form sugar lumps; (h) peeling, stoning and shelling, of fruits, nuts and vegetables; (i) sharpening, simple grinding or simple cutting; (j) sifting, screening, sorting, classifying, grading, matching; (including the making-up of sets of articles); (k) simple placing in bottles, cans, flasks, bags, cases, boxes, fixing on cards or boards and all other simple packaging operations; (l) affixing or printing marks, labels, logos and other like distinguishing signs on products or their packaging; (m) simple mixing of products, whether or not of different kinds; (n) mixing of sugar with any material; (o) simple assembly of parts of articles to constitute a complete article or disassembly of products into parts; (p) a combination of two or more operations specified in (a) to (n); (q) slaughter of animals.

2 All operations carried out in the exporting Contracting Party on a given product shall be considered together when determining whether the working or processing undergone by that product is to be regarded as insufficient within the meaning of paragraph 1.

1 The unit of qualification for the application of the provisions of this Convention shall be the particular product which is considered as the basic unit when determining classification using the nomenclature of the Harmonised System. It follows that: (a) when a product composed of a group or assembly of articles is classified under the terms of the Harmonised System in a single heading, the whole constitutes the unit of qualification; (b) when a consignment consists of a number of identical products classified under the same heading of the Harmonised System, each product must be taken individually when applying the provisions of this Convention.

2 Where, under General Rule 5 of the Harmonised System, packaging is included with the product for classification purposes, it shall be included for the purposes of determining origin.

Accessories, spare parts and tools dispatched with a piece of equipment, machine, apparatus or vehicle, which are part of the normal equipment and included in the price thereof or which are not separately invoiced, shall be regarded as one with the piece of equipment, machine, apparatus or vehicle in question.

Sets, as defined in General Rule 3 of the Harmonised System, shall be regarded as originating when all component products are originating. Nevertheless, when a set is composed of originating and non-originating products, the set as a whole shall be regarded as originating, provided that the value of the non-originating products does not exceed 15% of the ex-works price of the set.

In order to determine whether a product is an originating product, it shall not be necessary to determine the origin of the following which might be used in its manufacture: (a) energy and fuel; (b) plant and equipment; (c) machines and tools; (d) goods which neither enter into the final composition of the product nor are intended to do so.

1 Except as provided for in Article 2(1)(c), Article 3 and paragraph 3 of this Article, the conditions for acquiring originating status set out in Title II shall be fulfilled without interruption in the exporting Contracting Party.

2 Except as provided for in Article 3, where originating goods exported from a Contracting Party to another country return, they shall be considered as non-originating, unless it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that: (a) the returning goods are the same as those exported; and (b) they have not undergone any operation beyond that necessary to preserve them in good condition while in that country or while being exported.

3 The acquisition of originating status in accordance with the conditions set out in Title II shall not be affected by working or processing done outside the exporting Contracting Party on materials exported from the latter Contracting Party and subsequently re-imported there, provided: (a) the said materials are wholly obtained in the exporting Contracting Party or have undergone working or processing beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 prior to being exported; and (b) it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that: (i) the re-imported goods have been obtained by working or processing the exported materials; and (ii) the total added value acquired outside the exporting Contracting Party by applying the provisions of this Article does not exceed 10 % of the ex-works price of the end product for which originating status is claimed.

4 For the purposes of paragraph 3, the conditions for acquiring originating status set out in Title II shall not apply to working or processing done outside the exporting Contracting Party. However, where, in the list in Annex II, a rule setting a maximum value for all the non-originating materials incorporated is applied in determining the originating status of the end product, the total value of the non-originating materials incorporated in the territory of the exporting Contracting Party, taken together with the total added value acquired outside this Contracting Party by applying the provisions of this Article, shall not exceed the stated percentage.

5 For the purposes of applying the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4, ‘total added value’ means all costs arising outside the exporting Contracting Party, including the value of the materials incorporated there.

6 The provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 shall not apply to products which do not fulfil the conditions set out in the list in Annex II or which can be considered sufficiently worked or processed only if the general tolerance fixed in Article 5(2) is applied.

7 The provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 shall not apply to products of Chapters 50 to 63 of the Harmonised System.

8 Any working or processing of the kind covered by the provisions of this Article and done outside the exporting Contracting Party shall be done under the outward processing arrangements, or similar arrangements.

1 The preferential treatment provided for under the relevant Agreement shall apply only to products satisfying the requirements of this Convention which are transported directly between or through the territories of the Contracting Parties with which cumulation is applicable in accordance with Article 3. However, products constituting one single consignment may be transported through other territories with, should the occasion arise, trans-shipment or temporary warehousing in such territories, provided that they remain under the surveillance of the customs authorities in the country of transit or warehousing and do not undergo operations other than unloading, reloading or any operation designed to preserve them in good condition. Originating products may be transported by pipeline across territory other than that of the Contracting Parties acting as exporting and importing parties.

2 Evidence that the conditions set out in paragraph 1 have been fulfilled shall be supplied to the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party by the production of: (a) a single transport document covering the passage from the exporting Contracting Party through the country of transit; or (b) a certificate issued by the customs authorities of the country of transit: (i) giving an exact description of the products; (ii) stating the dates of unloading and reloading of the products and, where applicable, the names of the ships, or the other means of transport used; and (iii) certifying the conditions under which the products remained in the transit country; or (c) failing these, any substantiating documents.

1 Originating products, sent for exhibition in a country other than those referred to in Article 3 with which cumulation is applicable and sold after the exhibition for importation in a Contracting Party, shall benefit on importation from the provisions of the relevant Agreement provided it is shown to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that: (a) an exporter has consigned these products from a Contracting Party to the country in which the exhibition is held and has exhibited them there; (b) the products have been sold or otherwise disposed of by that exporter to a person in another Contracting Party; (c) the products have been consigned during the exhibition or immediately thereafter in the state in which they were sent for exhibition; and (d) the products have not, since they were consigned for exhibition, been used for any purpose other than demonstration at the exhibition.

2 A proof of origin shall be issued or made out in accordance with the provisions of Title V and submitted to the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party in the normal manner. The name and address of the exhibition shall be indicated thereon. Where necessary, additional documentary evidence of the conditions under which they have been exhibited may be required.

3 Paragraph 1 shall apply to any trade, industrial, agricultural or crafts exhibition, fair or similar public show or display which is not organised for private purposes in shops or business premises with a view to the sale of foreign products, and during which the products remain under customs control.

1 Non-originating materials used in the manufacture of products originating in a Contracting Party for which a proof of origin is issued or made out in accordance with the provisions of Title V shall not be subject in the exporting Contracting Party to drawback of, or exemption from, customs duties of whatever kind.

2 The prohibition in paragraph 1 shall apply to any arrangement for refund, remission or non-payment, partial or complete, of customs duties or charges having an equivalent effect, applicable in the exporting Contracting Party to materials used in the manufacture, where such refund, remission or non-payment applies, expressly or in effect, when products obtained from the said materials are exported and not when they are retained for home use there.

3 The exporter of products covered by a proof of origin shall be prepared to submit at any time, upon request from the customs authorities, all appropriate documents proving that no drawback has been obtained in respect of the non-originating materials used in the manufacture of the products concerned and that all customs duties or charges having equivalent effect applicable to such materials have actually been paid.

4 The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article shall also apply in respect of packaging within the meaning of Article 7(2), accessories, spare parts and tools within the meaning of Article 8 and products in a set within the meaning of Article 9 when such items are non-originating.

5 The provisions of paragraphs 1 to 4 shall apply only in respect of materials which are of the kind to which the relevant Agreement applies.

6 (a) The prohibition in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply in bilateral trade between one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) with one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2), excluding Israel, the Faroe Islands and the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process, if the products are considered as originating in the exporting or importing Contracting Party without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3. (b) The prohibition in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply in bilateral trade between Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, if the products are considered as originating in one of these countries without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3.

7 Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the exporting Contracting Party may, except for products falling within Chapters 1 to 24 of the Harmonised System, apply arrangements for drawback of, or exemption from, customs duties or charges having an equivalent effect, applicable to non-originating materials used in the manufacture of originating products, subject to the following provisions: (a) a 4 % rate of customs charge shall be retained in respect of products falling within Chapters 25 to 49 and 64 to 97 of the Harmonised System, or such lower rate as is in force in the exporting Contracting Party; (b) a 8 % rate of customs charge shall be retained in respect of products falling within Chapters 50 to 63 of the Harmonised System, or such lower rate as is in force in the exporting Contracting Party. The provisions of this paragraph shall not be applied by the Contracting Parties listed in Annex V.

8 The provisions of paragraph 7 shall apply until 31 December 2012 and may be reviewed by common accord.

1 Products originating in one of the Contracting Parties shall, on importation into other Contracting Parties, benefit from the provisions of the relevant Agreements upon submission of one of the following proofs of origin: (a) a movement certificate EUR.1, a specimen of which appears in Annex III a; (b) a movement certificate EUR-MED, a specimen of which appears in Annex III b; (c) in the cases specified in Article 21(1), a declaration (hereinafter referred to as the ‘origin declaration’ or ‘the origin declaration EUR-MED’) given by the exporter on an invoice, a delivery note or any other commercial document which describes the products concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified. The texts of the origin declarations appear in Annexes IV a and b.

2 Notwithstanding paragraph 1, originating products within the meaning of this Convention shall, in the cases specified in Article 26, benefit from the provisions of the relevant Agreements without it being necessary to submit any of the proofs of origin referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

1 A movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall be issued by the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party on application having been made in writing by the exporter or, under the exporter’s responsibility, by his authorised representative.

2 For this purpose, the exporter or his authorised representative shall fill in both the movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED and the application form, specimens of which appear in the Annexes III a and b. These forms shall be completed in one of the languages in which the relevant Agreement is drawn up and in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the exporting country. If the completion of the forms is done in handwriting, they shall be completed in ink in printed characters. The description of the products shall be given in the box reserved for this purpose without leaving any blank lines. Where the box is not completely filled, a horizontal line shall be drawn below the last line of the description, the empty space being crossed through.

3 The exporter applying for the issue of a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party where the movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED is issued, all appropriate documents proving the originating status of the products concerned as well as the fulfilment of the other requirements of this Convention.

4 Without prejudice to paragraph 5, a movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party in the following cases: (a) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party, in the importing Contracting Party or in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2), and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, or (ii) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin; (b) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) or from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party or in the importing Contracting Party, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the other Contracting Parties, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, or (ii) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin; (c) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) and (i) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party or in the importing Contracting Party, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the other Contracting Parties, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, or (ii) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin.

5 A movement certificate EUR-MED shall be issued by the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party, if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party, in the importing Contracting Party or in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3 with which cumulation is applicable and fulfil the requirements of this Convention, in the following cases: (a) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) cumulation was applied with materials originating in one or more of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2), provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin, or (ii) the products may be used in the importing Contracting Party as materials in the context of cumulation for the manufacture of products for export from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2), or (iii) the products may be re-exported from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2); (b) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) or from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) cumulation was applied with materials originating in one or more of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin, or (ii) the products may be used in the importing Contracting Party as materials in the context of cumulation for the manufacture of products for export from the importing Contracting Party to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, or (iii) the products may be re-exported from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3; (c) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) and (i) cumulation was applied with materials originating in one or more of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin, or (ii) the products may be used in the importing Contracting Party as materials in the context of cumulation for the manufacture of products for export from the importing Contracting Party to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, or (iii) the products may be re-exported from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3.

6 A movement certificate EUR-MED shall contain one of the following statements in English in box 7: (a) if origin has been obtained by application of cumulation with materials originating in one or more of the Contracting Parties: ‘CUMULATION APPLIED WITH … (name of the country/countries)’ (b) if origin has been obtained without the application of cumulation with materials originating in one or more of the Contracting Parties: ‘NO CUMULATION APPLIED’

7 The customs authorities issuing movement certificates EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall take any steps necessary to verify the originating status of the products and the fulfilment of the other requirements of this Convention. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and to carry out any inspection of the exporter’s accounts or any other check considered appropriate. They shall also ensure that the forms referred to in paragraph 2 are duly completed. In particular, they shall check whether the space reserved for the description of the products has been completed in such a manner as to exclude all possibility of fraudulent additions.

8 The date of issue of the movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall be indicated in Box 11 of the certificate.

9 A movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall be issued by the customs authorities and made available to the exporter as soon as actual exportation has been effected or ensured.

1 Notwithstanding Article 16(9), a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED may exceptionally be issued after exportation of the products to which it relates if: (a) it was not issued at the time of exportation because of errors or involuntary omissions or special circumstances; or (b) it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED was issued but was not accepted at importation for technical reasons.

2 Notwithstanding Article 16(9), a movement certificate EUR-MED may be issued after exportation of the products to which it relates and for which a movement certificate EUR.1 was issued at the time of exportation, provided that it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the customs authorities that the conditions referred to in Article 16(5) are satisfied.

3 For the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2, the exporter shall indicate in his application the place and date of exportation of the products to which the movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED relates, and state the reasons for his request.

4 The customs authorities may issue a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED retrospectively only after verifying that the information supplied in the exporter’s application complies with that in the corresponding file.

5 Movement certificates EUR.1 or EUR-MED issued retrospectively shall be endorsed with the following phrase in English: ‘ISSUED RETROSPECTIVELY’ Movement certificates EUR-MED issued retrospectively by application of paragraph 2 shall be endorsed with the following phrase in English: ‘ISSUED RETROSPECTIVELY (Original EUR.1 No … [date and place of issue])’

6 The endorsement referred to in paragraph 5 shall be inserted in Box 7 of the movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED.

1 In the event of theft, loss or destruction of a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED, the exporter may apply to the customs authorities which issued it for a duplicate made out on the basis of the export documents in their possession.

2 The duplicate issued in this way shall be endorsed with the following word in English: ‘DUPLICATE’

3 The endorsement referred to in paragraph 2 shall be inserted in Box 7 of the duplicate movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED.

4 The duplicate, which shall bear the date of issue of the original movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED, shall take effect as from that date.

When originating products are placed under the control of a customs office in a Contracting Party, it shall be possible to replace the original proof of origin by one or more movement certificates EUR.1 or EUR-MED for the purpose of sending all or some of these products elsewhere within that Contracting Party. The replacement movement certificate(s) EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall be issued by the customs office under whose control the products are placed.

1 Where considerable cost or material difficulties arise in keeping separate stocks of originating and non-originating materials which are identical and interchangeable, the customs authorities may, at the written request of those concerned, authorise the so-called ‘accounting segregation’ method (hereinafter referred to as the ‘method’) to be used for managing such stocks.

2 The method shall ensure that, for a specific reference period, the number of products obtained which could be considered as ‘originating’ is the same as that which would have been obtained had there been physical segregation of the stocks.

3 The customs authorities may make the grant of authorisation referred to in paragraph 1 subject to any conditions deemed appropriate.

4 The method shall be applied and the application thereof shall be recorded on the basis of the general accounting principles applicable in the country where the product was manufactured.

5 The beneficiary of the method may make out or apply for proofs of origin, as the case may be, for the quantity of products which may be considered as originating. At the request of the customs authorities, the beneficiary shall provide a statement of how the quantities have been managed.

6 The customs authorities shall monitor the use made of the authorisation and may withdraw it whenever the beneficiary makes improper use of the authorisation in any manner whatsoever or fails to fulfil any of the other conditions laid down in this Convention.

1 An origin declaration or an origin declaration EUR-MED as referred to in Article 15(1)(c) may be made out: (a) by an approved exporter within the meaning of Article 22, or (b) by any exporter for any consignment consisting of one or more packages containing originating products the total value of which does not exceed EUR 6000.

2 Without prejudice to paragraph 3, an origin declaration may be made out in the following cases: (a) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party, in the importing Contracting Party or in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Articles 3(2), and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, or (ii) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin; (b) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) or from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party or in the importing Contracting Party, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the other Contracting Parties, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, or (ii) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin; (c) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) and (i) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party or in the importing Contracting Party, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the other Contracting Parties, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, or (ii) the products concerned can be considered as products originating in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, with which cumulation is applicable, without application of cumulation with materials originating in one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin.

3 An origin declaration EUR-MED may be made out if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the exporting Contracting Party, in the importing Contracting Party or in one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3 with which cumulation is applicable and fulfil the requirements of this Convention, in the following cases: (a) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) cumulation was applied with materials originating in one or more of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2), provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin or (ii) the products may be used in the importing Contracting Party as materials in the context of cumulation for the manufacture of products for export from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2), or (iii) the products may be re-exported from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2); (b) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) or from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(1) and (i) cumulation was applied with materials originating in one or more of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin, or (ii) the products may be used in the importing Contracting Party as materials in the context of cumulation for the manufacture of products for export from the importing Contracting Party to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, or (iii) the products may be re-exported from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3; (c) if the products are exported from one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3(2) and (i) cumulation was applied with materials originating in one or more of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin, or (ii) the products may be used in the importing Contracting Party as materials in the context of cumulation for the manufacture of products for export from the importing Contracting Party to one of the other Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3, or (iii) the products may be re-exported from the importing Contracting Party to one of the Contracting Parties referred to in Article 3.

4 An origin declaration EUR-MED shall contain one of the following statements in English: (a) if origin has been obtained by application of cumulation with materials originating in one or more of the Contracting Parties: ‘CUMULATION APPLIED WITH … (name of the country/countries)’ (b) if origin has been obtained without the application of cumulation with materials originating in one or more of the Contracting Parties: ‘NO CUMULATION APPLIED’

5 The exporter making out an origin declaration or an origin declaration EUR-MED shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party, all appropriate documents proving the originating status of the products concerned as well as the fulfilment of the other requirements of this Convention.

6 An origin declaration or an origin declaration EUR-MED shall be made out by the exporter by typing, stamping or printing on the invoice, the delivery note or another commercial document, the declaration, the texts of which appear in Annexes IV a and b, using one of the linguistic versions set out in those Annexes and in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the exporting country. If the declaration is handwritten, it shall be written in ink in printed characters.

7 Origin declarations and origin declarations EUR-MED shall bear the original signature of the exporter in manuscript. However, an approved exporter within the meaning of Article 22 shall not be required to sign such declarations provided that he gives the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party a written undertaking that he accepts full responsibility for any origin declaration which identifies him as if it had been signed in manuscript by him.

8 An origin declaration or an origin declaration EUR-MED may be made out by the exporter when the products to which it relates are exported, or after exportation on condition that it is presented in the importing country at the latest two years after the importation of the products to which it relates.

1 The customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party may authorise any exporter (hereinafter referred to as ‘approved exporter’), who makes frequent shipments of products in accordance to the provisions of this Convention to make out origin declarations or origin declarations EUR-MED irrespective of the value of the products concerned. An exporter seeking such authorisation shall offer to the satisfaction of the customs authorities all guarantees necessary to verify the originating status of the products as well as the fulfilment of the other requirements of this Convention.

2 The customs authorities may grant the status of approved exporter subject to any conditions which they consider appropriate.

3 The customs authorities shall grant to the approved exporter a customs authorisation number which shall appear on the origin declaration or on the origin declaration EUR-MED.

4 The customs authorities shall monitor the use of the authorisation by the approved exporter.

5 The customs authorities may withdraw the authorisation at any time. They shall do so where the approved exporter no longer offers the guarantees referred to in paragraph 1, no longer fulfils the conditions referred to in paragraph 2 or otherwise makes an incorrect use of the authorisation.

1 A proof of origin shall be valid for four months from the date of issue in the exporting Contracting Party, and shall be submitted within that period to the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party.

2 Proofs of origin which are submitted to the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party after the final date for presentation specified in paragraph 1 may be accepted for the purpose of applying preferential treatment, where the failure to submit these documents by the final date set is due to exceptional circumstances.

3 In other cases of belated presentation, the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party may accept the proofs of origin where the products have been submitted before the said final date.

Proofs of origin shall be submitted to the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party in accordance with the procedures applicable in that country. The said authorities may require a translation of a proof of origin and may also require the import declaration to be accompanied by a statement from the importer to the effect that the products meet the conditions required for the implementation of the relevant Agreement.

Where, at the request of the importer and subject to the conditions laid down by the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party, dismantled or non-assembled products within the meaning of General Rule 2(a) of the Harmonised System falling within Sections XVI and XVII or headings 7308 and 9406 of the Harmonised System are imported by instalments, a single proof of origin for such products shall be submitted to the customs authorities upon importation of the first instalment.

1 Products sent as small packages from private persons to private persons or forming part of travellers’ personal luggage shall be admitted as originating products without requiring the submission of a proof of origin, provided that such products are not imported by way of trade and have been declared as meeting the requirements of this Convention and where there is no doubt as to the veracity of such a declaration. In the case of products sent by post, that declaration may be made on the customs declaration CN22/CN23 or on a sheet of paper annexed to that document.

2 Imports which are occasional and consist solely of products for the personal use of the recipients or travellers or their families shall not be considered as imports by way of trade if it is evident from the nature and quantity of the products that no commercial purpose is in view.

3 Furthermore, the total value of these products shall not exceed EUR 500 in the case of small packages or EUR 1200 in the case of products forming part of travellers’ personal luggage.

The documents referred to in Articles 16(3) and 21(5) used for the purpose of proving that products covered by a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED or an origin declaration or origin declaration EUR-MED may be considered as products originating in a Contracting Party and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention may consist inter alia of the following: (1) direct evidence of the processes carried out by the exporter or supplier to obtain the goods concerned, contained for example in his accounts or internal bookkeeping; (2) documents proving the originating status of materials used, issued or made out in the relevant Contracting Party where these documents are used in accordance with national law; (3) documents proving the working or processing of materials in the relevant Contracting Party, issued or made out in the relevant Contracting Party, where these documents are used in accordance with national law; (4) movement certificates EUR.1 or EUR-MED or origin declarations or origin declarations EUR-MED proving the originating status of materials used, issued or made out in the Contracting Parties in accordance with this Convention; (5) appropriate evidence concerning working or processing undergone outside the relevant Contracting Party by application of Article 11, proving that the requirements of that Article have been satisfied.

1 The exporter applying for the issue of a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall keep for at least three years the documents referred to in Article 16(3).

2 The exporter making out an origin declaration or origin declaration EUR-MED shall keep for at least three years a copy of this origin declaration as well as the documents referred to in Article 21(5).

3 The customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party issuing a movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED shall keep for at least three years the application form referred to in Article 16(2).

4 The customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party shall keep for at least three years the movement certificates EUR.1 and EUR-MED and the origin declarations and origin declarations EUR-MED submitted to them.

1 The discovery of slight discrepancies between the statements made in the proof of origin and those made in the documents submitted to the customs office for the purpose of carrying out the formalities for importing the products shall not ipso facto render the proof of origin null and void if it is duly established that this document does correspond to the products submitted.

2 Obvious formal errors such as typing errors on a proof of origin shall not cause this document to be rejected if these errors are not such as to create doubts concerning the correctness of the statements made in this document.

1 For the application of the provisions of Article 21(1)(b) and Article 26(3) in cases where products are invoiced in a currency other than euro, amounts in the national currencies of the Contracting Parties equivalent to the amounts expressed in euro shall be fixed annually by each of the countries concerned.

2 A consignment shall benefit from the provisions of Article 21(1)(b) or Article 26(3) by reference to the currency in which the invoice is drawn up, according to the amount fixed by the country concerned.

3 The amounts to be used in any given national currency shall be the equivalent in that currency of the amounts expressed in euro as at the first working day of October. The amounts shall be communicated to the European Commission by 15 October and shall apply from 1 January the following year. The European Commission shall notify all countries concerned of the relevant amounts.

4 A country may round up or down the amount resulting from the conversion into its national currency of an amount expressed in euro. The rounded-off amount may not differ from the amount resulting from the conversion by more than 5 %. A country may retain unchanged its national currency equivalent of an amount expressed in euro if, at the time of the annual adjustment provided for in paragraph 3, the conversion of that amount, prior to any rounding-off, results in an increase of less than 15 % in the national currency equivalent. The national currency equivalent may be retained unchanged if the conversion were to result in a decrease in that equivalent value.

5 The amounts expressed in euro shall be reviewed by the Joint Committee at the request of any Contracting Party. When carrying out this review, the Joint Committee shall consider the desirability of preserving the effects of the limits concerned in real terms. For this purpose, it may decide to modify the amounts expressed in euro.

1 The customs authorities of the Contracting Parties shall provide each other, through the European Commission, with specimen impressions of stamps used in their customs offices for the issue of movement certificates EUR.1 and EUR-MED, and with the addresses of the customs authorities responsible for verifying those certificates, origin declarations and origin declarations EUR-MED.

2 In order to ensure the proper application of this Convention, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other, through the competent customs administrations, in checking the authenticity of the movement certificates EUR.1 and EUR-MED, the origin declarations and the origin declarations EUR-MED and the correctness of the information given in these documents.

1 Subsequent verifications of proofs of origin shall be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of such documents, the originating status of the products concerned or the fulfilment of the other requirements of this Convention.

2 For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party shall return the movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED and the invoice, if it has been submitted, the origin declaration or the origin declaration EUR-MED, or a copy of these documents, to the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party giving, where appropriate, the reasons for the request for verification. Any documents and information obtained suggesting that the information given on the proof of origin is incorrect shall be forwarded in support of the request for verification.

3 The verification shall be carried out by the customs authorities of the exporting Contracting Party. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and to carry out any inspection of the exporter’s accounts or any other check considered appropriate.

4 If the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party decide to suspend the granting of preferential treatment to the products concerned while awaiting the results of the verification, release of the products shall be offered to the importer subject to any precautionary measures judged necessary.

5 The customs authorities requesting the verification shall be informed of the results thereof as soon as possible. These results shall indicate clearly whether the documents are authentic and whether the products concerned may be considered as products originating in one of the Contracting Parties and fulfil the other requirements of this Convention.

6 If in cases of reasonable doubt there is no reply within ten months of the date of the verification request or if the reply does not contain sufficient information to determine the authenticity of the document in question or the real origin of the products, the requesting customs authorities shall, except in exceptional circumstances, refuse entitlement to the preferences.

Where disputes arise in relation to the verification procedures of Article 32 which cannot be settled between the customs authorities requesting a verification and the customs authorities responsible for carrying out this verification, they shall be submitted to the bilateral body established by the relevant Agreement. Where disputes other than those related to the verification procedures of Article 32 arise in relation to the interpretation of this Convention, they shall be submitted to the Joint Committee. In all cases the settlement of disputes between the importer and the customs authorities of the importing Contracting Party shall take place under the legislation of that country.

Penalties shall be imposed on any person who draws up, or causes to be drawn up, a document which contains incorrect information for the purpose of obtaining a preferential treatment for products.

1 The Contracting Parties shall take all necessary steps to ensure that products traded under cover of a proof of origin, which in the course of transport use a free zone situated in their territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration.

2 By way of derogation from paragraph 1, when products originating in a Contracting Party are imported into a free zone under cover of a proof of origin and undergo treatment or processing, the authorities concerned shall issue a new movement certificate EUR.1 or EUR-MED at the exporter’s request, if the treatment or processing undergone complies with this Convention.

The Contracting Parties may apply in their bilateral trade special provisions derogating from the provisions laid down in Appendix I. Those special provisions are laid down in the Annexes to this Appendix.

Goods originating in Ceuta and Melilla, Andorra and San Marino shall be treated as originating products in diagonal trade as referred to in Article 3 of Appendix I, provided a certificate EUR-MED or an origin declaration EUR-MED has been issued in the country of origin.

The products listed below shall be excluded from cumulation provided for in Article 3 of Appendix I, if: (a) the country of final destination is the European Union, and: (i) the materials used in the manufacture of these products are originating in any of the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process; or (ii) these products have acquired their origin on the basis of working or processing carried out in any of the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process; or (b) the country of final destination is any of the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process, and: (i) the materials used in the manufacture of these products are originating in the European Union; or (ii) these products have acquired their origin on the basis of working or processing carried out in the European Union. CN-CodeDescription17049099Other sugar confectionery, not containing cocoa18061030Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa18061090 – Cocoa powder, containing added sugar or sweetening matter: – – Containing 65 % or more but less than 80 % by weight of sucrose (including invert sugar expressed as sucrose) or isoglucose expressed as sucrose – – Containing 80 % or more by weight of sucrose (including invert sugar expressed as sucrose) or isoglucose expressed as sucrose 18062095 – Other food preparations containing cocoa in block, slabs or bars weighing more than 2 kg or in liquid, paste, powder, granular or other bulk form in containers or immediate packaging of a content exceeding 2 kg – – Other – – – Other 19019099 Malt extract, food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included, food preparations of goods of headings 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5% by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included – Other – – Other (than malt extract) – – – Other 21011298Other preparations with a basis of coffee21012098Other preparations with a basis of tea or mate21069059 Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included – Other – – Other 21069098 Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included: – Other (than protein concentrates and textured protein substances) – – Other – – – Other 33021029 Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures (including alcoholic solutions) with a basis of one or more of these substances, of a kind used as raw materials in industry; other preparations based on odoriferous substances, of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages: – Of a kind used in the food or drink industries – – Of the type used in the drink industries: – – – Preparations containing all flavouring agents characterizing a beverage: – – – – Of an actual alcoholic strength by volume exceeding 0.5 % – – – – Other: – – – – – Containing no milkfats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose, or starch or containing, by weight, less than 1.5 % milkfat, 5 % sucrose or isoglucose, 5 % glucose or starch – – – – – Other

Products having acquired their origin by application of the provisions foreseen in this Annex shall be excluded from cumulation as referred to in Article 3 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Algeria, Morocco, or Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in the European Union when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in the European Union. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in the European Union only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in the European Union, in Morocco or Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in Algeria when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Algeria. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Algeria only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

1 Without prejudice to Article 16(4) and (5) of Appendix I, a movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of a Member State of the European Union or of Algeria if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Algeria, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

2 Without prejudice to Article 21(2) and (3) of Appendix I, an origin declaration may be made out if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Algeria, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

1 When a movement certificate EUR.1 is issued, or an origin declaration is made out, in the European Union or Algeria for originating products, in the manufacture of which goods coming from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union which have undergone working or processing in these countries without having obtained preferential originating status, have been used, account shall be taken of the supplier’s declaration given for those goods in accordance with this Article.

2 The supplier’s declaration referred to in paragraph 1 shall serve as evidence of the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union by the goods concerned for the purpose of determining whether the products in the manufacture of which those goods are used, may be considered as products originating in the European Union or Algeria and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

3 A separate supplier’s declaration shall, except in the cases provided in paragraph 4, be made out by the supplier for each consignment of goods in the form prescribed in Annex A on a sheet of paper annexed to the invoice, the delivery note or any other commercial document describing the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified.

4 Where a supplier regularly supplies a particular customer with goods for which the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union is expected to remain constant for considerable periods of time, he may provide a single supplier’s declaration to cover subsequent consignments of those goods (hereinafter referred to as a ‘long-term supplier’s declaration’). A long-term supplier’s declaration may normally be valid for a period of up to one year from the date of making out the declaration. The customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out lay down the conditions under which longer periods may be used. The long-term supplier’s declaration shall be made out by the supplier in the form prescribed in Annex B and shall describe the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified. It shall be provided to the customer concerned before he is supplied with the first consignment of goods covered by that declaration or together with his first consignment. The supplier shall inform his customer immediately if the long-term supplier’s declaration is no longer applicable to the goods supplied.

5 The supplier’s declarations referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be typed or printed using one of the languages in which the Agreement is drawn up, in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the country where the declaration is made out, and shall bear the original signature of the supplier in manuscript. The declaration may also be handwritten; in such a case, it shall be written in ink in printed characters.

6 The supplier making out a declaration shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out, all appropriate documents proving that the information given on that declaration is correct.

Supplier’s declarations proving the working or processing undergone in the European Union, Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia by materials used, made out in one of these countries, shall be treated as a document referred to in Articles 16(3) and 21(5) of Appendix I and Article 5(6) of this Annex used for the purpose of proving that products covered by a movement certificate EUR.1 or an origin declaration may be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Algeria and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

The supplier making out a supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents to which that declaration is annexed as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). The supplier making out a long-term supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by that declaration sent to the customer concerned, as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). This period shall begin from the date of expiry of validity of the long-term supplier’s declaration.

In order to ensure the proper application of this Annex, the European Union and Algeria shall assist each other, through the competent customs authorities, in checking the authenticity of the movement certificates EUR.1, the origin declarations or the supplier’s declarations and the correctness of the information given in these documents.

1 Subsequent verifications of supplier’s declarations or long-term supplier’s declarations may be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the country where such declarations have been taken into account to issue a movement certificate EUR.1 or to make out an origin declaration, have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of the document or the correctness of the information given in this document.

2 For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the country referred to in paragraph 1 shall return the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration and invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by such declaration, to the customs authorities of the country where the declaration was made out, giving, where appropriate, the reasons of substance or form of the request for verification. They shall forward, in support of the request for subsequent verification, any documents and information that have been obtained suggesting that the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is incorrect.

3 The verification shall be carried out by the customs authorities of the country where the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration was made out. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and carry out any inspection of the supplier’s accounts or any other check which they consider appropriate.

4 The customs authorities requesting the verification shall be informed of the results thereof as soon as possible. These results shall indicate clearly whether the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is correct and make it possible for them to determine whether and to what extent such declaration could be taken into account for issuing a movement certificate EUR.1 or for making out an origin declaration.

Penalties shall be imposed on any person who draws up, or causes to be drawn up, a document which contains incorrect information for the purpose of obtaining a preferential treatment for products.

1 The European Union and Algeria shall take all necessary steps to ensure that products traded under cover of a proof of origin, which in the course of transport use a free zone situated in their territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration.

2 By way of derogation from paragraph 1, when products originating in the European Union or Algeria are imported into a free zone under cover of a proof of origin and undergo treatment or processing, the authorities concerned shall issue a new movement certificate EUR.1 at the exporter’s request, if the treatment or processing undergone complies with the provisions of this Convention.

Products having acquired their origin by application of the provisions foreseen in this Annex shall be excluded from cumulation as referred to in Article 3 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in the European Union when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in the European Union. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in the European Union only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in the European Union, Algeria or Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in Morocco when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Morocco. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Morocco only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

1 Without prejudice to Article 16(4) and (5) of Appendix I, a movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of a Member State of the European Union or of Morocco if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Morocco, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

2 Without prejudice to Article 21(2) and (3) of Appendix I, an origin declaration may be made out if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Morocco, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

1 When a movement certificate EUR.1 is issued, or an origin declaration is made out, in the European Union or Morocco for originating products, in the manufacture of which goods coming from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union which have undergone working or processing in these countries without having obtained preferential originating status, have been used, account shall be taken of the supplier’s declaration given for those goods in accordance with this Article.

2 The supplier’s declaration referred to in paragraph 1 shall serve as evidence of the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union by the goods concerned for the purpose of determining whether the products in the manufacture of which these goods are used, may be considered as products originating in the European Union or Morocco and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

3 A separate supplier’s declaration shall, except in the cases provided in paragraph 4, be made out by the supplier for each consignment of goods in the form prescribed in Annex A on a sheet of paper annexed to the invoice, the delivery note or any other commercial document describing the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified.

4 Where a supplier regularly supplies a particular customer with goods for which the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union is expected to remain constant for considerable periods of time, he may provide a single supplier’s declaration to cover subsequent consignments of those goods (hereinafter referred to as a ‘long-term supplier’s declaration’). A long-term supplier’s declaration may normally be valid for a period of up to one year from the date of making out the declaration. The customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out lay down the conditions under which longer periods may be used. The long-term supplier’s declaration shall be made out by the supplier in the form prescribed in Annex B and shall describe the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified. It shall be provided to the customer concerned before he is supplied with the first consignment of goods covered by that declaration or together with his first consignment. The supplier shall inform his customer immediately if the long-term supplier’s declaration is no longer applicable to the goods supplied.

5 The supplier’s declarations referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be typed or printed using one of the languages in which the Agreement is drawn up, in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the country where the declaration is made out, and shall bear the original signature of the supplier in manuscript. The declaration may also be handwritten; in such a case, it shall be written in ink in printed characters.

6 The supplier making out a declaration shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out, all appropriate documents proving that the information given on that declaration is correct.

Supplier’s declarations proving the working or processing undergone in the European Union, Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia by materials used, made out in one of these countries, shall be treated as a document referred to in Articles 16(3) and 21(5) of Appendix I and Article 5(6) of this Annex used for the purpose of proving that products covered by a movement certificate EUR.1 or an origin declaration may be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Morocco and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

The supplier making out a supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents to which this declaration is annexed as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). The supplier making out a long-term supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by that declaration sent to the customer concerned, as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). This period shall begin from the date of expiry of validity of the long-term supplier’s declaration.

In order to ensure the proper application of this Annex, the European Union and Morocco shall assist each other, through the competent customs authorities, in checking the authenticity of the movement certificates EUR.1, the origin declarations or the supplier’s declarations and the correctness of the information given in these documents.

1 Subsequent verifications of supplier’s declarations or long-term supplier’s declarations may be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the country where such declarations have been taken into account to issue a movement certificate EUR.1 or to make out an origin declaration, have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of the document or the correctness of the information given in this document.

2 For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the country referred to in paragraph 1 shall return the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration and invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by such declaration, to the customs authorities of the country where the declaration was made out, giving, where appropriate, the reasons of substance or form of the request for verification. They shall forward, in support of the request for subsequent verification, any documents and information that have been obtained suggesting that the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is incorrect.

3 The verification shall be carried out by the customs authorities of the country where the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration was made out. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and carry out any inspection of the supplier’s accounts or any other check which they consider appropriate.

4 The customs authorities requesting the verification shall be informed of the results thereof as soon as possible. These results shall indicate clearly whether the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is correct and make it possible for them to determine whether and to what extent such declaration could be taken into account for issuing a movement certificate EUR.1 or for making out an origin declaration.

Penalties shall be imposed on any person who draws up, or causes to be drawn up, a document which contains incorrect information for the purpose of obtaining a preferential treatment for products.

1 The European Union and Morocco shall take all necessary steps to ensure that products traded under cover of a proof of origin, which in the course of transport use a free zone situated in their territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration.

2 By way of derogation from paragraph 1, when products originating in the European Union or Morocco are imported into a free zone under cover of a proof of origin and undergo treatment or processing, the authorities concerned shall issue a new movement certificate EUR.1 at the exporter’s request, if the treatment or processing undergone complies with the provisions of this Convention.

Products having acquired their origin by application of the provisions foreseen in this Annex shall be excluded from cumulation as referred to in Article 3 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in the European Union when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in the European Union. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in the European Union only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in the European Union, Algeria or Morocco shall be considered as having been carried out in Tunisia when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Tunisia. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Tunisia only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

1 Without prejudice to Article 16(4) and (5) of Appendix I, a movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of a Member State of the European Union or of Tunisia if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Tunisia, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

2 Without prejudice to Article 21(2) and (3) of Appendix I, an origin declaration may be made out if the products concerned may be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Tunisia, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

1 When a movement certificate EUR.1 is issued, or an origin declaration is made out, in the European Union or Tunisia for originating products, in the manufacture of which goods coming from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union which have undergone working or processing in these countries without having obtained preferential originating status, have been used, account shall be taken of the supplier’s declaration given for those goods in accordance with this Article.

2 The supplier’s declaration referred to in paragraph 1 shall serve as evidence of the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union by the goods concerned for the purpose of determining whether the products in the manufacture of which these goods are used, can be considered as products originating in the European Union or Tunisia and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

3 A separate supplier’s declaration shall, except in the cases provided in paragraph 4, be made out by the supplier for each consignment of goods in the form prescribed in Annex A on a sheet of paper annexed to the invoice, the delivery note or any other commercial document describing the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified.

4 Where a supplier regularly supplies a particular customer with goods for which the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or the European Union is expected to remain constant for considerable periods of time, he may provide a single supplier’s declaration to cover subsequent consignments of those goods (hereinafter referred to as a ‘long-term supplier’s declaration’). A long-term supplier’s declaration may normally be valid for a period of up to one year from the date of making out the declaration. The customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out lay down the conditions under which longer periods may be used. The long-term supplier’s declaration shall be made out by the supplier in the form prescribed in Annex B and shall describe the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified. It shall be provided to the customer concerned before he is supplied with the first consignment of goods covered by that declaration or together with his first consignment. The supplier shall inform his customer immediately if the long-term supplier’s declaration is no longer applicable to the goods supplied.

5 The supplier’s declarations referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be typed or printed using one of the languages in which the Agreement is drawn up, in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the country where the declaration is made out, and shall bear the original signature of the supplier in manuscript. The declaration may also be handwritten; in such a case, it shall be written in ink in printed characters.

6 The supplier making out a declaration shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out, all appropriate documents proving that the information given on that declaration is correct.

Supplier’s declarations proving the working or processing undergone in the European Union, Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia by materials used, made out in one of these countries, shall be treated as a document referred to in Articles 16(3) and 21(5) of Appendix I and Article 5(6) of this Annex used for the purpose of proving that products covered by a movement certificate EUR.1 or an origin declaration may be considered as products originating in the European Union or in Tunisia and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

The supplier making out a supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial document to which this declaration is annexed as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). The supplier making out a long-term supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by such declaration sent to the customer concerned, as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). This period shall begin from the date of expiry of validity of the long-term supplier’s declaration.

In order to ensure the proper application of this Annex, the European Union and Tunisia shall assist each other, through the competent customs authorities, in checking the authenticity of the movement certificates EUR.1, the origin declarations or the supplier’s declarations and the correctness of the information given in these documents.

1 Subsequent verifications of supplier’s declarations or long-term supplier’s declarations may be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the country where such declarations have been taken into account to issue a movement certificate EUR.1 or to make out an origin declaration, have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of the document or the correctness of the information given in this document.

2 For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the country referred to in paragraph 1 shall return the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration and invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by such declaration, to the customs authorities of the country where the declaration was made out, giving, where appropriate, the reasons of substance or form of the request for verification. They shall forward, in support of the request for subsequent verification, any documents and information that have been obtained suggesting that the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is incorrect.

3 The verification shall be carried out by the customs authorities of the country where the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration was made out. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and carry out any inspection of the supplier’s accounts or any other check which they consider appropriate.

4 The customs authorities requesting the verification shall be informed of the results thereof as soon as possible. These results shall indicate clearly whether the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is correct and make it possible for them to determine whether and to what extent such declaration could be taken into account for issuing a movement certificate EUR.1 or for making out an origin declaration.

Penalties shall be imposed on any person who draws up, or causes to be drawn up, a document which contains incorrect information for the purpose of obtaining a preferential treatment for products.

1 The European Union and Tunisia shall take all necessary steps to ensure that products traded under cover of a proof of origin, which in the course of transport use a free zone situated in their territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration.

2 By way of derogation from paragraph 1, when products originating in the European Union or Tunisia are imported into a free zone under cover of a proof of origin and undergo treatment or processing, the authorities concerned shall issue a new movement certificate EUR.1 at the exporter’s request, if the treatment or processing undergone complies with the provisions of this Convention.

1 The term ‘European Union’ shall not cover Ceuta and Melilla.

2 Products originating in a Contracting Party other than the European Union, when imported into Ceuta or Melilla, shall enjoy in all respects the same customs regime as that which is applied to products originating in the customs territory of the European Union under Protocol 2 of the Act of Accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the European Communities. The Contracting Parties other than the European Union shall grant to imports of products covered by the relevant Agreement and originating in Ceuta and Melilla the same customs regime as that which is granted to products imported from and originating in the European Union.

3 For the purpose of the application of paragraph 2 concerning products originating in Ceuta and Melilla, this Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis subject to the special conditions set out in Article 2.

1 Providing they have been transported directly in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of Appendix I the following shall be considered as: (1) products originating in Ceuta and Melilla: (a) products wholly obtained in Ceuta and Melilla; (b) products obtained in Ceuta and Melilla in the manufacture of which products other than those referred to in (a) are used, provided that: (i) the said products have undergone sufficient working or processing within the meaning of Article 5 of Appendix I; or that (ii) those products originate in the importing Contracting Party or in the European Union, provided that they have been submitted to working or processing which goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I. (2) products originating in the exporting Contracting Party, other than the European Union: (a) products wholly obtained in the exporting Contracting Party; (b) products obtained in the exporting Contracting Party, in the manufacture of which products other than those referred to in (a) are used, provided that: (i) the said products have undergone sufficient working or processing within the meaning of Article 5 of Appendix I; or that (ii) those products originate in Ceuta and Melilla or in the European Union, provided that they have been submitted to working or processing which goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

2 Ceuta and Melilla shall be considered as a single territory.

3 The exporter or his authorised representative shall enter the name of the exporting or importing Contracting Party and ‘Ceuta and Melilla’ in Box 2 of movement certificates EUR.1 or EUR-MED or on origin declarations or on origin declarations EUR-MED. In addition, in the case of products originating in Ceuta and Melilla, this shall be indicated in Box 4 of movement certificates EUR.1 or EUR-MED or on origin declarations or on origin declarations EUR-MED.

4 The Spanish customs authorities shall be responsible for the application of this Convention in Ceuta and Melilla.

The products listed below shall be excluded from cumulation provided for in Article 3 of Appendix I, if: (a) the country of final destination is the Republic of Turkey, and: (i) the materials used in the manufacture of these products are originating in any of the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process; or (ii) these products have acquired their origin on the basis of working or processing carried out in any of the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process; or (b) the country of final destination is any of the participants in the European Union’s Stabilisation and Association Process, and: (i) the materials used in the manufacture of these products are originating in the Republic of Turkey; or (ii) these products have acquired their origin on the basis of working or processing carried out in the Republic of Turkey. CN-CodeDescription17049099Other sugar confectionery, not containing cocoa.18061030Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa18061090– Cocoa powder, containing added sugar or sweetening matter:– – Containing 65 % or more but less than 80 % by weight of sucrose (including invert sugar expressed as sucrose) or isoglucose expressed as sucrose– – Containing 80 % or more by weight of sucrose (including invert sugar expressed as sucrose) or isoglucose expressed as sucrose18062095– Other food preparations containing cocoa in block, slabs or bars weighing more than 2 kg or in liquid, paste, powder, granular or other bulk form in containers or immediate packaging of a content exceeding 2 kg– – Other– – – Other19019099Malt extract, food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included, food preparations of goods of headings 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5 % by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included– Other– – Other (than malt extract)– – – Other21011298Other preparations with a basis of coffee21012098Other preparations with a basis of tea or mate21069059Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included– Other– – Other21069098Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included:– Other (than protein concentrates and textured protein substances)– – Other– – – Other33021029Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures (including alcoholic solutions) with a basis of one or more of these substances, of a kind used as raw materials in industry; other preparations based on odoriferous substances, of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages:– Of a kind used in the food or drink industries– – Of the type used in the drink industries:– – – Preparations containing all flavouring agents characterizing a beverage:– – – – Of an actual alcoholic strength by volume exceeding 0.5 %– – – – Other:– – – – – Containing no milkfats, sucrose, isoglucose, glucose, or starch or containing, by weight, less than 1.5 % milkfat, 5 % sucrose or isoglucose, 5 % glucose or starch– – – – – Other

Products having acquired their origin by application of the provisions foreseen in this Annex shall be excluded from cumulation as referred to in Article 3 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in Turkey when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Turkey. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Turkey only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Algeria, Tunisia or Turkey shall be considered as having been carried out in Morocco when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Morocco. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Morocco only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

1 Without prejudice to Article 16(4) and (5) of Appendix I, a movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of Turkey or of Morocco if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in Turkey or in Morocco, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

2 Without prejudice to Article 21(2) and (3) of Appendix I, an origin declaration may be made out if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in Turkey or in Morocco, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

1 When a movement certificate EUR.1 is issued, or an origin declaration is made out, in Turkey or Morocco for originating products, in the manufacture of which goods coming from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey which have undergone working or processing in these countries without having obtained preferential originating status, have been used, account shall be taken of the supplier’s declaration given for those goods in accordance with this Article.

2 The supplier’s declaration referred to in paragraph 1 shall serve as evidence of the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey by the goods concerned for the purpose of determining whether the products in the manufacture of which these goods are used, may be considered as products originating in Turkey or Morocco and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

3 A separate supplier’s declaration shall, except in the cases provided in paragraph 4, be made out by the supplier for each consignment of goods in the form prescribed in Annex C on a sheet of paper annexed to the invoice, the delivery note or any other commercial document describing the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified.

4 Where a supplier regularly supplies a particular customer with goods for which the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey is expected to remain constant for considerable periods of time, he may provide a single supplier’s declaration to cover subsequent consignments of those goods (hereinafter referred to as a ‘long-term supplier’s declaration’). A long-term supplier’s declaration may normally be valid for a period of up to one year from the date of making out the declaration. The customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out lay down the conditions under which longer periods may be used. The long-term supplier’s declaration shall be made out by the supplier in the form prescribed in Annex D and shall describe the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified. It shall be provided to the customer concerned before he is supplied with the first consignment of goods covered by that declaration or together with his first consignment. The supplier shall inform his customer immediately if the long-term supplier’s declaration is no longer applicable to the goods supplied.

5 The supplier’s declarations referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be typed or printed using one of the languages in which the Agreement is drawn up, in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the country where the declaration is made out, and shall bear the original signature of the supplier in manuscript. The declaration may also be handwritten; in such a case, it shall be written in ink in printed characters.

6 The supplier making out a declaration shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out, all appropriate documents proving that the information given on that declaration is correct.

Supplier’s declarations proving the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey by materials used, made out in one of these countries, shall be treated as a document referred to in Articles 16(3) and 21(5) of Appendix I and Article 5(6) of this Annex used for the purpose of proving that products covered by a movement certificate EUR.1 or an origin declaration may be considered as products originating in Turkey or in Morocco and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

The supplier making out a supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial document to which this declaration is annexed as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). The supplier making out a long-term supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by that declaration sent to the customer concerned, as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). This period shall begin from the date of expiry of validity of the long-term supplier’s declaration.

In order to ensure the proper application of this Annex, Turkey and Morocco shall assist each other, through the competent customs authorities, in checking the authenticity of the movement certificates EUR.1, the origin declarations or the supplier’s declarations and the correctness of the information given in these documents.

1 Subsequent verifications of supplier’s declarations or long-term supplier’s declarations may be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the country where such declarations have been taken into account to issue a movement certificate EUR.1 or to make out an origin declaration, have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of the document or the correctness of the information given in this document.

2 For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the country referred to in paragraph 1 shall return the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration and invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by such declaration, to the customs authorities of the country where the declaration was made out, giving, where appropriate, the reasons of substance or form of the request for verification. They shall forward, in support of the request for subsequent verification, any documents and information that have been obtained suggesting that the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is incorrect.

3 The verification shall be carried out by the customs authorities of the country where the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration was made out. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and carry out any inspection of the supplier’s accounts or any other check which they consider appropriate.

4 The customs authorities requesting the verification shall be informed of the results thereof as soon as possible. These results shall indicate clearly whether the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is correct and make it possible for them to determine whether and to what extent such declaration could be taken into account for issuing a movement certificate EUR.1 or for making out an origin declaration.

Penalties shall be imposed on any person who draws up, or causes to be drawn up, a document which contains incorrect information for the purpose of obtaining a preferential treatment for products.

1 Turkey and Morocco shall take all necessary steps to ensure that products traded under cover of a proof of origin, which in the course of transport use a free zone situated in their territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration.

2 By way of derogation from paragraph 1, when products originating in Turkey or Morocco are imported into a free zone under cover of a proof of origin and undergo treatment or processing, the authorities concerned shall issue a new movement certificate EUR.1 at the exporter’s request, if the treatment or processing undergone complies with the provisions of this Convention.

Products having acquired their origin by application of the provisions foreseen in this Annex shall be excluded from cumulation as referred to in Article 3 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Algeria, Morocco or Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in Turkey when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Turkey. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Turkey only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Turkey, Algeria or Morocco shall be considered as having been carried out in Tunisia when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Tunisia. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the countries concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Tunisia only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

1 Without prejudice to Article 16(4) and (5) of Appendix I, a movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of Turkey or of Tunisia if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in Turkey or in Tunisia, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

2 Without prejudice to Article 21(2) and (3) of Appendix I, an origin declaration may be made out if the products concerned may be considered as products originating in Turkey or in Tunisia, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

1 When a movement certificate EUR.1 is issued, or an origin declaration is made out, in Turkey or Tunisia for originating products, in the manufacture of which goods coming from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey which have undergone working or processing in these countries without having obtained preferential originating status, have been used, account shall be taken of the supplier’s declaration given for those goods in accordance with this Article.

2 The supplier’s declaration referred to in paragraph 1 shall serve as evidence of the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey by the goods concerned for the purpose of determining whether the products in the manufacture of which these goods are used, can be considered as products originating in Turkey or Tunisia and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

3 A separate supplier’s declaration shall, except in the cases provided in paragraph 4, be made out by the supplier for each consignment of goods in the form prescribed in Annex C on a sheet of paper annexed to the invoice, the delivery note or any other commercial document describing the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified.

4 Where a supplier regularly supplies a particular customer with goods for which the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey is expected to remain constant for considerable periods of time, he may provide a single supplier’s declaration to cover subsequent consignments of those goods (hereinafter referred to as a ‘long-term supplier’s declaration’). A long-term supplier’s declaration may normally be valid for a period of up to one year from the date of making out the declaration. The customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out lay down the conditions under which longer periods may be used. The long-term supplier’s declaration shall be made out by the supplier in the form prescribed in Annex D and shall describe the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified. It shall be provided to the customer concerned before he is supplied with the first consignment of goods covered by that declaration or together with his first consignment. The supplier shall inform his customer immediately if the long-term supplier’s declaration is no longer applicable to the goods supplied.

5 The supplier’s declarations referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be typed or printed using one of the languages in which the Agreement is drawn up, in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the country where the declaration is made out, and shall bear the original signature of the supplier in manuscript. The declaration may also be handwritten; in such a case, it shall be written in ink in printed characters.

6 The supplier making out a declaration shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out, all appropriate documents proving that the information given on that declaration is correct.

Supplier’s declarations proving the working or processing undergone in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia or Turkey by materials used, made out in one of these countries, shall be treated as a document referred to in Articles 16(3) and 21(5) of Appendix I and Article 5(6) of this Annex used for the purpose of proving that products covered by a movement certificate EUR.1 or an origin declaration may be considered as products originating in Turkey or in Tunisia and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

The supplier making out a supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial document to which this declaration is annexed as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). The supplier making out a long-term supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by that declaration sent to the customer concerned, as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). This period shall begin from the date of expiry of validity of the long-term supplier’s declaration.

In order to ensure the proper application of this Annex, Turkey and Tunisia shall assist each other, through the competent customs authorities, in checking the authenticity of the movement certificates EUR.1, the origin declarations or the supplier’s declarations and the correctness of the information given in these documents.

1 Subsequent verifications of supplier’s declarations or long-term supplier’s declarations may be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the country where such declarations have been taken into account to issue a movement certificate EUR.1 or to make out an origin declaration, have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of the document or the correctness of the information given in this document.

2 For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the country referred to in paragraph 1 shall return the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration and invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by such declaration, to the customs authorities of the country where the declaration was made out, giving, where appropriate, the reasons of substance or form of the request for verification. They shall forward, in support of the request for subsequent verification, any documents and information that have been obtained suggesting that the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is incorrect.

3 The verification shall be carried out by the customs authorities of the country where the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration was made out. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and carry out any inspection of the supplier’s accounts or any other check which they consider appropriate.

4 The customs authorities requesting the verification shall be informed of the results thereof as soon as possible. These results shall indicate clearly whether the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is correct and make it possible for them to determine whether and to what extent such declaration could be taken into account for issuing a movement certificate EUR.1 or for making out an origin declaration.

Penalties shall be imposed on any person who draws up, or causes to be drawn up, a document which contains incorrect information for the purpose of obtaining a preferential treatment for products.

1 Turkey and Tunisia shall take all necessary steps to ensure that products traded under cover of a proof of origin, which in the course of transport use a free zone situated in their territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration.

2 By way of derogation from paragraph 1, when products originating in Turkey or Tunisia are imported into a free zone under cover of a proof of origin and undergo treatment or processing, the authorities concerned shall issue a new movement certificate EUR.1 at the exporter’s request, if the treatment or processing undergone complies with the provisions of this Convention.

Products having acquired origin by application of the provisions foreseen in this Annex shall be excluded from cumulation as referred to in Article 3 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in Tunisia shall be considered as having been carried out in an EFTA State when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in an EFTA State. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the Parties concerned, they shall be considered as originating in an EFTA State only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

For the purpose of implementing Article 2(1)(b) of Appendix I, working or processing carried out in the EFTA States shall be considered as having been carried out in Tunisia when the products obtained undergo subsequent working or processing in Tunisia. Where, pursuant to this provision, the originating products are obtained in two or more of the Parties concerned, they shall be considered as originating in Tunisia only if the working or processing goes beyond the operations referred to in Article 6 of Appendix I.

1 Without prejudice to Article 16(4) and (5) of Appendix I, a movement certificate EUR.1 shall be issued by the customs authorities of an EFTA State or of Tunisia if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in an EFTA State or in Tunisia, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

2 Without prejudice to Article 21(2) and (3) of Appendix I, an origin declaration may be made out if the products concerned can be considered as products originating in an EFTA State or in Tunisia, with application of the cumulation referred to in Articles 2 and 3 of this Annex, and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

1 When a movement certificate EUR.1 is issued, or an origin declaration is made out, in an EFTA State or in Tunisia for originating products, in the manufacture of which goods coming from Tunisia or the EFTA States which have undergone working or processing in these countries without having obtained preferential originating status, have been used, account shall be taken of the supplier’s declaration given for those goods in accordance with this Article.

2 The supplier’s declaration referred to in paragraph 1 shall serve as evidence of the working or processing undergone in Tunisia or the ETFA States by the goods concerned for the purpose of determining whether the products in the manufacture of which these goods are used, may be considered as products originating in the EFTA States or Tunisia and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

3 A separate supplier’s declaration shall, except in the cases provided in paragraph 4, be made out by the supplier for each consignment of goods in the form prescribed in Annex E on a sheet of paper annexed to the invoice, the delivery note or any other commercial document describing the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified.

4 Where a supplier regularly supplies a particular customer with goods for which the working or processing undergone in Tunisia or the EFTA States is expected to remain constant for considerable periods of time, he may provide a single supplier’s declaration to cover subsequent consignments of those goods (hereinafter referred to as a ‘long-term supplier’s declaration’). A long-term supplier’s declaration may normally be valid for a period of up to one year from the date of making out the declaration. The customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out lay down the conditions under which longer periods may be used. The long-term supplier’s declaration shall be made out by the supplier in the form prescribed in Annex F and shall describe the goods concerned in sufficient detail to enable them to be identified. It shall be provided to the customer concerned before he is supplied with the first consignment of goods covered by that declaration or together with his first consignment. The supplier shall inform his customer immediately if the long-term supplier’s declaration is no longer applicable to the goods supplied.

5 The supplier’s declarations referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be typed or printed using one of the languages in which the Agreement is drawn up, in accordance with the provisions of the national law of the country where the declaration is made out, and shall bear the original signature of the supplier in manuscript. The declaration may also be handwritten; in such a case, it shall be written in ink in printed characters.

6 The supplier making out a declaration shall be prepared to submit at any time, at the request of the customs authorities of the country where the declaration is made out, all appropriate documents proving that the information given on that declaration is correct.

Supplier’s declarations proving the working or processing undergone in the EFTA States or Tunisia by materials used, made out in one of these countries, shall be treated as a document referred to in Articles 16(3) and 21(5) of Appendix I and Article 5(6) of this Annex used for the purpose of proving that products covered by a movement certificate EUR.1 or an origin declaration may be considered as products originating in the an EFTA State or in Tunisia and fulfil the other requirements of Appendix I.

The supplier making out a supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial document to which this declaration is annexed as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). The supplier making out a long-term supplier’s declaration shall keep for at least three years copies of the declaration and of all the invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by that declaration sent to the customer concerned, as well as the documents referred to in Article 5(6). This period shall begin from the date of expiry of validity of the long-term supplier’s declaration.

In order to ensure the proper application of this Annex, the EFTA States and Tunisia shall assist each other, through the competent customs authorities, in checking the authenticity of the movement certificates EUR.1, the origin declarations or the supplier’s declarations and the correctness of the information given in these documents.

1 Subsequent verifications of supplier’s declarations or long-term supplier’s declarations may be carried out at random or whenever the customs authorities of the country where such declarations have been taken into account to issue a movement certificate EUR.1 or to make out an origin declaration, have reasonable doubts as to the authenticity of the document or the correctness of the information given in this document.

2 For the purposes of implementing the provisions of paragraph 1, the customs authorities of the country referred to in paragraph 1 shall return the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration and invoices, delivery notes or other commercial documents concerning goods covered by such declaration, to the customs authorities of the country where the declaration was made out, giving, where appropriate, the reasons of substance or form of the request for verification. They shall forward, in support of the request for subsequent verification, any documents and information that have been obtained suggesting that the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is incorrect.

3 The verification shall be carried out by the customs authorities of the country where the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration was made out. For this purpose, they shall have the right to call for any evidence and carry out any inspection of the supplier’s accounts or any other check which they consider appropriate.

4 The customs authorities requesting the verification shall be informed of the results thereof as soon as possible. These results shall indicate clearly whether the information given in the supplier’s declaration or the long-term supplier’s declaration is correct and make it possible for them to determine whether and to what extent such declaration could be taken into account for issuing a movement certificate EUR.1 or for making out an origin declaration.

Penalties shall be imposed on any person who draws up, or causes to be drawn up, a document which contains incorrect information for the purpose of obtaining a preferential treatment for products.

1 The EFTA States and Tunisia shall take all necessary steps to ensure that products traded under cover of a proof of origin, which in the course of transport use a free zone situated in their territory, are not substituted by other goods and do not undergo handling other than normal operations designed to prevent their deterioration.

2 By way of derogation from paragraph 1, when products originating in an EFTA State or Tunisia are imported into a free zone under cover of a proof of origin and undergo treatment or processing, the authorities concerned shall issue a new movement certificate EUR.1 at the exporter’s request, if the treatment or processing undergone complies with the provisions of this Convention.