Commission Regulation (EU) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 on implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small, medium and large power transformers

1 This Regulation establishes ecodesign requirements for placing on the market or putting into service power transformers with a minimum power rating of 1 kVA used in 50 Hz electricity transmission and distribution networks or for industrial applications. The Regulation is only applicable to transformers purchased after the entry into force of the Regulation.

2 This Regulation shall not apply to transformers specifically designed and used for the following applications: instrument transformers, specifically designed to supply measuring instruments, meters, relays and other similar apparatus, transformers with low-voltage windings specifically designed for use with rectifiers to provide a DC supply, transformers specifically designed to be directly connected to a furnace, transformers specifically designed for offshore applications and floating offshore applications, transformers specially designed for emergency installations, transformers and auto-transformers specifically designed for railway feeding systems, earthing or grounding transformers, this is, three-phase transformers intended to provide a neutral point for system grounding purposes, traction transformers mounted on rolling stock, this is, transformers connected to an AC or DC contact line, directly or through a converter, used in fixed installations of railway applications, starting transformers, specifically designed for starting three-phase induction motors so as to eliminate supply voltage dips, testing transformers, specifically designed to be used in a circuit to produce a specific voltage or current for the purpose of testing electrical equipment, welding transformers, specifically designed for use in arc welding equipment or resistance welding equipment, transformers specifically designed for explosion-proof and underground mining applications , transformers specifically designed for deep water (submerged) applications, medium Voltage (MV) to Medium Voltage (MV) interface transformers up to 5 MVA, large power transformers where it is demonstrated that for a particular application, technically feasible alternatives are not available to meet the minimum efficiency requirements set out by this Regulation, large power transformers which are like for like replacements in the same physical location/installation for existing large power transformers, where this replacement cannot be achieved without entailing disproportionate costs associated to their transportation and/or installation, except as regards the product information requirements and technical documentation set out in Annex I, points 3 and 4.

For the purpose of this Regulation and its annexes the following definitions shall apply. (1) ‘Power transformer’ means a static piece of apparatus with two or more windings which, by electromagnetic induction, transforms a system of alternating voltage and current into another system of alternating voltage and current usually of different values and at the same frequency for the purpose of transmitting electrical power. (2) ‘Small power transformer’ means a power transformer with a highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 1,1 kV. (3) ‘Medium power transformer’ means a power transformer with a highest voltage for equipment higher than 1,1 kV, but not exceeding 36 kV and a rated power equal to or higher than 5 kVA but lower than 40 MVA. (4) ‘Large power transformer’ means a power transformer with a highest voltage for equipment exceeding 36 kV and a rated power equal or higher than 5 kVA, or a rated power equal to or higher than 40 MVA regardless of the highest voltage for equipment. (5) ‘Liquid-immersed transformer’ means a power transformer in which the magnetic circuit and windings are immersed in liquid. (6) ‘Dry-type transformer’ means a power transformer in which the magnetic circuit and windings are not immersed in an insulating liquid. (7) ‘Medium power pole mounted transformer’ means a power transformer with a rated power of up to 315 kVA suitable for outdoor service and designed to be mounted on the support structures of overhead power lines. (8) ‘Voltage Regulation Distribution Transformer’ means a medium power transformer equipped with additional components, inside or outside of the transformer tank, to automatically control the input or output voltage of the transformer for on-load voltage regulation purposes. (9) ‘Winding’ refers to the assembly of turns forming an electrical circuit associated with one of the voltages assigned to the transformer. (10) ‘Rated voltage of a winding’ (Ur) is the voltage assigned to be applied, or developed at no-load, between the terminals of an untapped winding, or of a tapped winding connected on the principal tapping. (11) ‘High-voltage winding’ refers to the winding having the highest rated voltage. (12) ‘Highest voltage for equipment’ (Um) applicable to a transformer winding is the highest r.m.s phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system for which a transformer winding is designed in respect of its insulation. (13) ‘Rated power’ (Sr) is a conventional value of apparent power assigned to a winding which, together with the rated voltage of the winding, determines its rated current. (14) ‘Load loss’ (Pk) means the absorbed active power at rated frequency and reference temperature associated with a pair of windings when the rated current (tapping current) is flowing through the line terminal(s) of one of the windings and the terminals of the other windings are in short-circuit with any winding fitted with tappings connected to its principal tapping, while further windings, if existing, are open-circuited. (15) ‘No load loss’ (Po) means the active power absorbed at rated frequency when the transformer is energised and the secondary circuit is open. The applied voltage is the rated voltage, and if the energized winding is fitted with a tapping, it is connected to its principal tapping. (16) ‘Peak Efficiency Index’ (PEI) means the maximum value of the ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a transformer minus the electrical losses to the transmitted apparent power of the transformer.

Small power transformers, medium power transformers and large power transformer shall meet the ecodesign requirements set out in Annex I.

Conformity assessment shall be carried out applying the internal design control procedure set out in Annex IV to Directive 2009/125/EC or the management system procedure set out in Annex V to that Directive.

When performing the market surveillance checks referred to in Directive 2009/125/EC, Article 3(2), Member State authorities shall apply the verification procedure set out in Annex III to this Regulation.

The indicative benchmarks for the best-performing transformers technologically possible at the time of adoption of this Regulation are identified in Annex IV.

No later than three years after the entry into force, the Commission shall review this Regulation in the light of technological progress and present the results of this review to the Consultation Forum. Specifically, the review will assess, at least, the following issues: the possibility to set out minimum values of the Peak Efficiency Index for all medium power transformers, including those with a rated power below 3150 kVA, the possibility to separate the losses associated to the core transformer from those associated with other components performing voltage regulation functions, where this is the case, the appropriateness of establishing minimum performance requirements for single-phase power transformers, as well as for small power transformers, whether concessions made for pole-mounted transformers and for special combinations of winding voltages for medium power transformers are still appropriate, the possibility of covering environmental impacts other than energy in the use phase.

The Regulation shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.