Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2161 of 27 October 2025 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the technical requirements of on-board devices for the monitoring and recording of fuel and energy consumption and mileage of certain heavy-duty vehicles, and for determining and recording the payload or total weight thereof

For the purpose of this Regulation, the definitions of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400, point 2 of Annex III, point 2 of Annex VI, and point 2 of Annex Xa to that Regulation shall apply. In addition, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ‘on-board fuel and electric energy consumption monitoring device’ or ‘OBFCM device’ means any software or hardware that senses and uses vehicle, engine, fuel or electric energy and payload/mass parameters to determine, store in the vehicle the fuel and electric energy consumption data and other parameters relevant for determining the fuel or electric energy consumption and energy efficiency of the vehicle; (2) ‘on-board energy monitoring system (OBEM)’ means any software or hardware as part of the OBFCM device that senses and uses vehicle, engine, fuel or electric energy parameters to determine and store in the vehicle the fuel and electric energy consumption data, their accumulating data, and other parameters relevant for determining the vehicle’s fuel or electric energy consumption and energy efficiency; (3) ‘on-board mass monitoring system (OBMM)’ means any software or hardware as part of the OBFCM device to determine the vehicle total mass; (4) ‘lifetime value’ of a certain quantity determined and stored at a time t means the value of this quantity accumulated since the completion of production of the vehicle until time t; (5) ‘lifetime of a vehicle’ at a time t means the period since the completion of its production until the time t; (6) ‘engine fuel rate’ means the instantaneous amount of all fuel injected into the engine per unit of time, not including fuel injected directly into the pollution control device; (7) ‘vehicle fuel rate’ means the instantaneous amount of all fuel injected into the engine and directly into the pollution control device per unit of time, not including the fuel used by a fuel operated space heater; (8) ‘total fuel consumed (lifetime)’ means the accumulation of the vehicle fuel rate during a vehicle’s lifetime; (9) ‘total distance travelled (lifetime)’ means the accumulation of the distance travelled during a vehicle’s lifetime; (10) ‘instantaneous brake engine power’ means the instantaneous mechanical output energy per second; (11) ‘engine output energy’ means the brake engine power output over a vehicle’s lifetime, that is the accumulated mechanical energy provided by the engine; (12) ‘accumulation period’ means a time period during a single trip, indexed by an average speed and average total mass value, for which the vehicle determines the indexed values; (13) ‘vehicle fuel consumed during accumulation period’ means the accumulation of the vehicle fuel rate during a vehicle’s lifetime, indexed by average speed and average total mass ranges, and limited to those accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges; (14) ‘distance travelled during accumulation period’ means the accumulation of the distance travelled during a vehicle’s lifetime, indexed by average speed and average total mass ranges, and limited to the accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges, using the same data source that the vehicle odometer uses; (15) ‘vehicle total mass (TM)’ means the total mass of a motor vehicle and, in case of a vehicle combination, of the vehicle combination as determined by the OBMM, in kilograms; (16) ‘odometer’ means an instrument as defined in Article 2, point (3), of Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 ; (17) ‘battery’ means a rechargeable electrical energy storage system (REESS) installed in an electrified vehicle and used mainly for traction purposes; (18) ‘total electric energy into the vehicle’ means, for Pure Electric Vehicles (PEVs), Off-Vehicle Charging-Hybrid Electric Vehicles (OVC-HEVs) and Off-Vehicle Charging Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles (OVC-FCHVs), the accumulation of the electric energy flowing into the vehicle from an external power supply connected via any charging interface the vehicle is equipped with during a vehicle’s lifetime; (19) ‘total electric energy into the vehicle during alternating current (AC) charging’ means, for PEVs, OVC-HEVs and OVC-FCHVs, the accumulation of the electric energy from AC charging flowing into the vehicle from an external power supply connected via any charging interface the vehicle is equipped with during a vehicle’s lifetime; (20) ‘total electric energy into the vehicle during direct current (DC) charging’ means, for PEVs, OVC-HEVs and OVC-FCHVs, the accumulation of the electric energy from DC charging flowing into the vehicle from an external power supply connected via any charging interface the vehicle is equipped with during a vehicle’s lifetime; (21) ‘total electric energy into the battery’ means, for PEVs, OVC-HEVs and OVC-FCHVs, the accumulation of the electric energy flowing into the battery from an external power supply connected via any charging interface the vehicle is equipped with during a vehicle’s lifetime, excluding any electrical losses between the external power source and the battery; (22) ‘total battery energy supplied to an off-board usage’ means, for PEVs, OVC-HEVs and OVC-FCHVs equipped with V2X capabilities, the accumulation of the electric energy flowing out of the battery and used for V2X applications during a vehicle’s lifetime; (23) ‘total electric energy into the battery during AC charging’ means, for PEVs, OVC-HEVs and OVC-FCHVs, the accumulation of the electric energy from AC charging flowing into the battery from an external power supply connected via any charging interface the vehicle is equipped with during a vehicle’s lifetime; (24) ‘total electric energy into the battery during DC charging’ means, for PEVs, OVC-HEVs and OVC-FCHVs, the accumulation of the electric energy from DC charging flowing into the battery from an external power supply connected via any charging interface the vehicle is equipped with during a vehicle’s lifetime; (25) ‘vehicle electric power consumption’ means the amount of electrical energy being either discharged from (positive consumption) or charged to (negative consumption) any rechargeable electric energy storage system by the vehicle per unit of time (i.e. the change in battery’s state of charge); (26) ‘vehicle electric energy consumption during accumulation period’ means the accumulation of the vehicle electric power consumption during a vehicle’s lifetime, indexed by average speed and average total mass values ranges, but limited to those accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges; (27) ‘vehicle electric energy consumption during accumulation period with engine on’ means the accumulation of the vehicle electric power consumption during a vehicle’s lifetime with the engine on, indexed by average speed and average total mass values ranges, but limited to those accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges; (28) ‘vehicle electric energy consumption during accumulation period with engine off’ means the accumulation of the vehicle electric power consumption during a vehicle’s lifetime with the engine off, indexed by average speed and average total mass values ranges, but limited to those accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges; (29) ‘distance travelled during accumulation period with engine on’ means the accumulation of the distance travelled during a vehicle’s lifetime with the engine on, indexed by average speed and average total mass ranges, and limited to the accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges, using the same data source that the vehicle odometer uses; (30) ‘distance travelled during accumulation period with engine off’ means the accumulation of the distance travelled during a vehicle’s lifetime with the engine off, indexed by average speed and average total mass ranges, and limited to the accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges, using the same data source that the vehicle odometer uses; (31) ‘charging event’ means to fully charge the battery after break-off criterion is reached until the end-of-charge criterion is reached, as set out in the type-approval procedure; (32) ‘total energy supplied to on-board special equipment’ means, for PEVs, OVC-HEVs and OVC-FCHVs equipped with ‘ePTO’ capabilities, the accumulation of the electric energy used for ‘ePTO’ applications during a vehicle’s lifetime; (33) ‘vehicle-to-everything (V2X)’ means the use of the traction batteries to cover external power and energy demand, such as V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) for grid stabilisation by utilising traction batteries, V2F (Vehicle-to-Facility) for utilising traction batteries as facility storage for local optimisation or emergency power sources in times of power failure, V2H (Vehicle-to-Home) for utilising traction batteries as residential storage for local optimisation or emergency power sources in times of power failure, and V2L (Vehicle-to-Load, only connected loads are supplied) for use in times of power failure and/or outdoor activity in normal times; (34) ‘total fuel cell fuel consumed’ means the accumulation of the calculated amount of fuel injected into the fuel cell in kilograms during a vehicle’s lifetime; (35) ‘total fuel cell active time’ means the accumulation of the total time in which the fuel cell stack consumes hydrogen and generates electricity in any mode of operation during a vehicle’s lifetime; (36) ‘total fuel cell system energy generated’ means the total energy generated by the fuel cell in kWh during a vehicle’s lifetime; (37) ‘fuel cell fuel consumed’ means the accumulation of the calculated amount of fuel injected into the fuel cell during a vehicle’s lifetime, indexed by average speed and average total mass values ranges, and limited to those accumulation periods the indexed values of which fall within the indexed ranges; (38) ‘emissions approval’ means the approval of an engine system or engine family as a separate technical unit with regard to emissions, or of the vehicle with regard to emissions in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 or any approval provided for as an alternative in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/858, as the case may be; (39) ‘granting approval authority (GAA)’ means the authority responsible for granting an emissions approval.

1 Manufacturers shall ensure that the OBFCM device’s design and functionality comply with the requirements set out in Article 3 and provide the approval authority with a signed declaration as set out in point 6.1 of Annex I, declaring compliance with the requirements set out in Article 3.

2 By way of derogation to paragraph 1, the manufacturer may declare in its signed declaration as set out in point 6.1 of Annex I, that the engine does not fulfil the on-board mass monitoring requirement to determine the vehicle total mass parameter as set out in Annex I. In this case, for vehicles with the characteristics set out in point 2.1 of Annex I, the manufacturer responsible for the vehicle approvals according to Articles 7 and 9 of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 or according to point 2.3 of UN Regulation No 49 shall fulfil this on-board mass monitoring requirement and provide a signed declaration of compliance as set out in point 6.2 of Annex I.

1 Vehicles with the characteristics as set out in Table 1 of Annex I shall be equipped with an OBFCM device for monitoring on-board fuel consumption and electric energy consumption and determining those vehicles’ total mass, as well as storing and making available such data in a standardised format, following the requirements set out in Annex I.

2 With regard to the information specified in Annex I, the manufacturer shall ensure that the OBFCM device provide, from the dates set out in Table 1 of Annex I, the most accurate values that can be achieved by the measurement and calculation system of the vehicle control units.

3 The requirements set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to small volume manufacturers as defined in point 5 of Annex X to Regulation (EU) 2018/858.

4 The requirements set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to vehicles of categories M2 and N2 with a technically permissible maximum laden mass not exceeding 7,5 tonnes and with an alternative approval under Point 2.4 of Annex X to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011, or to vehicles that are registered as Euro 7ext vehicles as defined in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1257.

5 The requirements set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to off-road vehicles, special purpose vehicles and off-road special purpose vehicles as defined, respectively, in Part A, points 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858.

1 The approval authorities and manufacturers responsible for performing the monitoring tests as specified in Table 1 of Annex I shall collect, during those tests, the data specified in point 5.1 of Annex I and the approval authority shall report that data to the GAA within one month.

2 The approval authorities and manufacturers responsible for the tests referred to in paragraph 1 shall cooperate efficiently and effectively with the GAA and shall use tools and platforms of the Commission if those are made available.

1 The GAA shall collect monitoring data from the tests set out in Table 1 of Annex I as described in Article 4.

2 The GAA shall assess the monitoring data to determine whether the OBFCM accuracy requirements set out in point 4 of Annex I are met.

3 If the OBFCM accuracy requirements referred to in paragraph 2 are not met the following shall apply: (a) if the accuracy requirement for the fuel consumption or distance travelled as set out in Table 8 of Annex I is not met, then the GAA shall perform and evaluate an OBFCM accuracy verification test in accordance with Annex II; (b) if the accuracy requirement for the vehicle total mass as set out in Table 9 of Annex I is not met, then the GAA shall perform and evaluate an OBMM accuracy verification test in accordance with Annex III.

4 The OBFCM or OBMM accuracy verification test shall also be carried out if the GAA has evidence or suspicion that the requirements as referred to in Article 3 are not fulfilled, or at the Commission’s request.inca nis

5 The GAA shall share the findings of the OBFCM and OBMM accuracy verification tests with the manufacturer and with the Commission at the latest 12 months after collecting the monitoring data as referred to in paragraph 1.

6 Upon request by the Commission, the GAA shall provide the results of the assessment of the monitoring data. This may also include a request to provide test results systematically according to a dedicated procedure.

1 If the GAA concludes that the requirements set out in Article 3 are not complied with for an OBFCM family as defined under point 2.2.1 of Annex I to this Regulation, the approval authority shall follow the procedure for remedial measures set out in Article 13 of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

2 If the GAA concludes that the requirements set out in Article 3 are not complied with for an OBMM family as defined under point 2.2.2 of Annex I to this Regulation, the approval authority shall follow the procedure for remedial measures set out in Article 13 of Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.